Leafy chemistry: What happens when a leaf changes colour in autumn?

As autumn approaches, regions like Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh transform into a canvas of vibrant foliage, showcasing a mesmerizing palette of colors such as orange, yellow, red, and gold. This stunning seasonal transition is a crucial aspect of a tree's life cycle, driven by complex biochemical processes. As daylight hours shorten and temperatures drop, chlorophyll—the pigment responsible for the green color in leaves—begins to break down. This degradation reveals other pigments, such as carotenoids and anthocyanins, which contribute to the brilliant hues of fall. Understanding this natural phenomenon not only enhances our appreciation of nature's beauty but also underscores the ecological significance of trees in our environment. This seasonal change is not merely aesthetic; it plays a vital role in the health and sustainability of forests, influencing wildlife habitats and the overall ecosystem. With autumn in full swing, it is an ideal time to explore the science behind this captivating transformation and witness firsthand the breathtaking vistas that accompany the changing seasons in India's picturesque landscapes.